It has been wisely said that the adjective is the enemy of the noun. If we make a habit of saying 'The true facts are these', we shall come under suspicion when we profess to tell merely 'the facts'. If a
crisis is always
acute and an
emergency always
grave, what is left for those words to do by themselves? If
active constantly accompanies
consideration, we shall think we are being fobbed off when we are promised bare consideration. If a decision is always qualified by
definite, a decision by itself becomes a poor filleted thing. If conditions are customarily described as
prerequisite or
essential, we shall doubt whether a
condition without an adjective is really a condition at all. If a part is always an
integral part there is nothing left for a mere part except to be a spare part.
Cultivate the habit of reserving adjectives and adverbs to make your meaning more precise, and suspect those that you find yourself using to make it more emphatic. Use adjectives to denote kind rather than degree. By all means say an
economic crisis or a
military disaster, but think well before saying an
acute crisis or a
terrible disaster. Say, if you like, 'The proposal met with noisy opposition and is in obvious danger of defeat'. But do not say, 'The proposal met with considerable opposition and is in real danger of defeat'. If that is all, it is better to leave out the adjectives: 'The proposal met with opposition and is in danger of defeat'.
- Sir Ernest Gowers,
Plain Words